1.3　Metaphor of synergy

　The metaphors that cognitive linguistics addresses include the following: conventional metaphor, image metaphor, and poetic metaphor. Conventional metaphor is less conscious because it is based on ordinary experience. Image metaphor is less conventionalized and calls for sensing, especially visual perception. It is found largely in literary works and in creative image that lingers. Poetic metaphor uses several metaphors simultaneously, thereby creating rich images through very few words.
　The present study examines synergic metaphor as the broader concept of the aforementioned metaphors. Traditional vertical research seeks to draw A’ and B’ from A and B. On the other hand, synergic research seeks to draw heterogeneous C from A and B. A synergic metaphor follows a normal mapping, such that A is a source domain, C is a target domain, and B is the mapping. I assume literature and calculation as a synergic metaphor, and therefore A is humanity, B is cognitive science, and C is brain science.

[Figure 1 Synergic metaphor]
Source domain A Humanity→Mapping B Cognitive science→Target domain C Brain science→Mapping B Cognitive science

　I attempted a synergic analysis through logical grammar to create the metaphor of “Thomas Mann and Fuzzy logic.” I have also considered the combinations of “Luxun and Chaos” and “Ogai and Feeling” by using the literary works of Luxun and Ogai in an effort to create a synergic metaphor by language different from “Thomas Mann and Fuzzy logic.”
　I consider the different thinking patterns in Chinese and Japanese in my paper on Luxun’s “The True Story of Ah Q”. He disliked the mental illness called ma-ma-hu-hu and strongly appealed to the Chinese people about it through literary works. The second chapter explains the chaotic effect seen in “Ah Q” by linking “ma-ma-hu-hu” to a chaotic model.
　Traditional vertical research assumes the brain activity of readers because they accept these literary works. However, the author’s brain activity is important in synergic metaphor. Therefore, I establish the target domain C as the mechanism of memory in the formula (Figure 1) to derive a heterogeneous C from A and B. I also assume the return from C to B at the same time.
　When compared with other synergic combinations, such as management engineering and social systems or patents (law and engineering), it is very difficult for calculation and literature to connect B and C. One sometimes combines A and B and cannot derive a heterogeneous C. I used the memory-related behavior of Ah Q from “The True Story of Ah Q” and associated it synchronously and asynchronously to connect chaos and memory.
　For example, when Ah Q recognizes the eyes of a hungry wolf, he first needs to recognize the continuous object. Ah Q’s neuron cluster of the optic nerve receives the information from the area of the wolf’s eyes and the other space, and each field represents both a synchronous and asynchronous relationship. When the wolf’s eyes move, the synchronous point changes. Therefore, synchronization and asynchronization must be dealt with promptly. Chaos makes such response easy.
　“A Madman’s Diary” is a story wherein the paranoid Madman awakens from madness and repeatedly persuades cannibals to reform. This thought of the Madman depends on whether cannibals can step across a line. If they could step across that line, they would be civilized human beings.
　I will correlate the points of the Madman’s decision making and those of the cannibals with fuzzy logic and chaos. As stated at the beginning of this paper, chaos consists of two essential features. One is non-linearity, which comprises disorderly, unpredictable movement, and the other is indeterminism, wherein outputs are entirely different from largely similar inputs.

花村嘉英著（2015）「从认知语言学的角度浅析鲁迅作品－魯迅をシナジーで読む」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura